The global community has long condemned the abhorrent practice of trafficking in persons (TIP), and many States have considerably strengthened their efforts to prevent and prosecute TIP and protect its victims. While great strides have been made, much more remains to be done. As with other crimes, addressing the demand side of trafficking, for example, has proven particularly challenging. Often, even identifying persons who have been trafficked is difficult – for example, when they are males who do not fit stereotypical notions of a TIP victim. And, despite the laudable and significant increase in anti - traffic king laws on the books in many states, there are still far too few successful prosecutions of traffickers. This paper outlines the key challenges faced by States and the anti - trafficking community in preventing and responding to TIP , including protecting victims, and makes recommendations for concrete actions and commitments that should be addressed in the Global Compact on Migration.